Dr. Sunil Kumar Gupta
Indian Journal of Poultry Science (2020)
Authors: V.S. Panwar, S.K. Gupta and S.K. Karmore
ABSTRACT The lymphoid tissue plays an important role in the defense against all pathogen. Out of the primary lymphoid organs, the thymus is first lymphoid organ formed in the developing embryos. The rapid growth of the thymus take place just after birth of the poultry for the production of large number of mature T-cells due to large exposure of antigens. Twenty five Kadaknath birds from day old to thirty weeks of age divided into five groups were reared in college poultry farm. In the thymus of Kadaknath fowls of different age groups, histomorphological and ultrastructural studies was performed to observe the details of reticuloepithelial cells and lymphoid cells. The fibrous capsule was surrounding the gland and the parenchyma of the gland was consisted of outer cortex and inner medulla. In the parenchyma of the thymic gland dark, pale and a third type of reticuloepithelial cells were observed. Similarly small, medium and large sized lymphocytes were also observed in the parenchyma of the gland. But the number of these lymphocytes were more in the cortex than the medulla. Histologically in the lymphocytes a rim of light coloured cytoplasm was observed around the dark coloured clumped chromatin nucleus. These cells were responsible for defense against all the pathogens. Keywords: Ultrastructure, Reticuloepithelial cells, Lymphocytes, Thymus, Kadaknath fowl
Indian Journal of Veterinary Anatomy (2020)
Authors: V.S. Panwar, S.K. Gupta and S.K. Karmore, G.P. Jatav, M.K.Yadav and P.J. Kapadnis
ABSTRACT Histological and Transmission Electron Microscopic studies were conducted in the Hassall’s corpuscles found in the thymus of 25 Kadaknath fowls of different age groups. During the study Kadaknath birds from day old to thirty weeks of age were reared in college poultry farm. These birds were sacrificed ethically and small pieces of thymic lobules were collected in neutral buffered formalin for histological and in 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution in 0.05M phosphate buffer at pH 7.2 for ultra structural studies.The Hassall’s corpuscles appeared at second week of age in birds and there was no regression of the thymus up to twenty six weeks of age. The Hassall’s corpuscles had hyalinized center and peripheral concentrically arranged epithelial reticular cells. In the present study, two types of Hassall’s corpuscles were seen as type-I flattened reticuloepithelial cells, which were arranged in concentric manner around the acidophilic central cornified mass whereas type-II Hassall’s corpuscles were spherical in shape encircled by flattened reticuloepithelial cells, enclosing a hyaline mass with a group of cells. The number of Hassall’s corpuscles increased with the advancement of age in Kadaknath fowl. Due to this fact the Kadaknath birds were more disease resistant in early ages.
Indian Journal of Veterinary Anatomy (2020)
Authors: Maneesh Kumar Yadav, S.K. Karmore, S.K. Gupta, A. Suman, N. Shrivastava, P.J. Kapadnis, A.S. Dharve
ABSTRACT The study was conducted on bursa of Fabricius of twenty five Kadaknath birds from day old to thirty weeks of age. Bursa of Fabricius was composed of four tunics as tunica mucosa, tunica submucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica serosa. The mucosa was lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium except at crypts where it was simple columnar epithelium. Ultrastructurally, granules were present in apical portion of principle cells of epithelium. Epithelium had four types of cells as type-I, type-II, type-III and type-IV. The numbers of plicae and follicles were high in eight week of age. Melanocytes were seen in tunica serosa, tunica muscularis and beneath the epithelium of bursa of Fabricius which was unique characteristic in present study. In cortex and medulla of follicle small, medium and large lymphocytes were found along with plasma cells, macrophages, granulocytes and fibrocytes. On the basis of ultrastructure, there were three types of reticuloepithelial cells were found in follicles.
Indian Journal of Veterinary Anatomy (2020)
Authors: V.S. Panwar, S.K. Gupta, S.K. Karmore, G.P. Jatav, Alka Suman and M.K. Yadav
ABSTRACT The Kadaknath breed of poultry is popular far its adaptability and good-tasty grayish black meat, which is believed to infuse vigor. Demand of Kadaknath meat is high due to its contents; high protein and very low fat and cholesterol level. The lymphoid tissue plays an important role in the defense against all pathogens. The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ which is the first of the lymphoid organs formed and grows immediately after birth in response to postnatal antigen stimulation and demand for large numbers of mature T cells. Histological and Transmission Electron Microscopic studies were conducted on the myoid cells, macrophages and melanocytes found in the thymus of Kadaknath fowls at different age groups. There were three types of myoid cells mainly in the medulla of the gland. Myoid cells may be responsible for contractile activity of the glands causing release of more thymocytes for defense mechanism. Presence of melanocytes in thymus was unique characteristic feature of present study. Melanocytes had round or spindle shaped nuclei and clear cytoplasm with brown pigment granules and many cytoplasmic processes. The numbers of myoid cells, macrophages and melanocytes were increasing with the advancement of age.
Indian Journal of Veterinary Anatomy (2020)
Authors: Anar Singh Dharve, S.K. Karmore, S.K. Gupta, P.J. Kapadnis, S. Shukla, V.S. Panwar and M.K. Yadav
ABSTRACT The study was conducted on spleen of twenty five Kadaknath birds from day old to thirty weeks onwards of age. Semi thin sections of spleen stained with toluidine blue and examined under light microscope for histological while ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate for ultrastructural observations under transmission electron microscope. The external surface of the capsule was lined by a single layer of mesothelial cells. Some melanin pigments were found in the capsule and parenchyma of spleen. Underneath the capsule, the splenic parenchyma was divided into white pulp and red pulp without clear cut demarcation. With the advancement of age the amount of white pulp was increased. In red pulp more erythrocytes were present along with few reticulo-epithelial cells, plasma cells and thrombocytes. While in white pulp lymphocytes, reticulo-epithelial cells, granulocytes, agranulocytes and plasma cells were present. In group I and II more lymphoblast and small lymphocytes were present whereas in older age group i.e. group V more large lymphocytes and plasma cells were present.
